1. Gestational Surrogacy
In gestational surrogacy, the surrogate carries a pregnancy but does not use her own egg.
The embryo is created through In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) using:
The intended mother’s egg and intended father’s sperm, or
Donor egg and/or donor sperm
The embryo is then transferred into the surrogate’s uterus.
In this case, the surrogate has no genetic connection to the baby. She is only carrying the pregnancy.
This type of surrogacy:
Requires IVF
Requires strong legal agreements
Is the most commonly practiced form today
2.Traditional Surrogacy
In traditional surrogacy, the surrogate uses her own egg, meaning she is genetically related to the baby.
Her egg is fertilized with the intended father’s sperm (usually through artificial insemination).
Because the surrogate is the biological mother, this type carries more legal and emotional complexity and is less commonly practiced in many countries.
Important Facts About Surrogacy
- Surrogacy Is Not the Same as Adoption
Adoption is a legal process where a person or couple becomes the legal parent(s) of a child who is not biologically theirs.
In gestational surrogacy, the child is usually genetically related to the intended parents. The surrogate is simply carrying the pregnancy.
- IVF Is Required (in Gestational Surrogacy)
Gestational surrogacy requires IVF to create and transfer the embryo into the surrogate’s uterus.The Surrogate Does Not Always Donate Her Eggs
In gestational surrogacy, only the womb is needed — not the surrogate’s egg.
In traditional surrogacy, her egg is used.
- It Involves Intended Parents
While surrogacy often involves a married couple, laws in some countries also allow single individuals or unmarried couples to pursue surrogacy. Legal eligibility depends on the country’s regulations.
- Legal Documentation Is Essential
Surrogacy must involve proper legal agreements to:
- Define parental rights
- Protect the surrogate
- Protect the intended parents
- Prevent future disputes
Without legal documentation, serious complications can arise.
- Screening Is Mandatory
Before proceeding, the surrogate should undergo:
- Medical and fertility screening
- Psychological evaluation
- Mental health assessment
- Infectious disease testing
This ensures she is physically and emotionally prepared for the process.
- It Is Expensive
Surrogacy can be costly due to:
- IVF procedures
- Medical care
- Legal fees
- Compensation (where allowed)
- Agency fee
- It Is Illegal in Some Countries
Surrogacy laws vary widely. Some countries:
- Fully allow it
- Restrict it
- Completely prohibit it
- It is important to understand the laws in your country before starting the process
- It Is Not 100% Guaranteed
Like all fertility treatments, surrogacy does not guarantee pregnancy or a successful birth. Success depends on:
- Egg and sperm quality
- Uterine health
- Age
- Overall medical factors
- Multiple attempts may sometimes be required.
- Emotional Commitment Is Important
Surrogacy is not just a medical process — it is emotional for everyone involved. Clear communication, counseling, and support are crucial throughout the journey.
