Persistent low sperm count (oligospermia) or absence of sperm (azoospermia) over time—ranging from 3 months to 2 years, may indicate underlying pathology. Normally, sperm is produced in the testicles and transported via the epididymis through a duct (vas deferens) to mix with seminal fluid from accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral gland) during ejaculation. If sperm count fluctuates or remains at zero despite treatment, there are two main concerns: either the testicles are not producing sperm, or there is an obstruction preventing sperm transport. A common cause of obstruction is a cyst or blockage in the reproductive tract, preventing sperm from reaching the seminal fluid. This results in ejaculated semen lacking sperm cells. Such cases require thorough evaluation by a fertility specialist, including advanced semen analysis, hormone profiling, and possible scrotal or transrectal ultrasound. Seek professional assessment for accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Fertility
Can Ovarian Reserve Be Restored at Age 40?
It is important to understand the biological changes that occur in female fertility, especially for women aged 40 and above
